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This site is dedicated to the range of video terminals produced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 to 1995. The most famous of these is the VT100, a name which is recognised most often today as a setting in terminal emulation programs.

The real video terminals dealt with here are dedicated devices which are connected to a computer (host) with a serial line. They usually consist of a screen and keyboard, with very little processing power and no local storage. Characters typed on the keyboard are transmitted to the host computer, and characters output from programs running on the host are sent to the terminal to be displayed on the screen. Why would we use devices this simple? Well, their simplicity makes them reliable. There is no operating system and no downloaded software, so they are pretty much impervious to user meddling and viruses. Before PCs put computing power on every desk, a central computer would support tens of users. Now that PCs are as powerful as old mainframes and can run capable multi-user operating systems (take a bow, Linux), there is a resurgence of interest in these low bandwidth, low cost and low maintenance devices.

I started this site in October 1998 as a place to put information that I had collected about the VT320 which I have been using for ten years. Although I’ve used various Digital terminals over the past decade, my favourite is the VT320, mainly because I’ve spent more time writing programs to take advantage of (and stretch) its capabilities than for any other in the range.

Frequently-asked questions about terminals and this site.

Primary Sources

• VT05 Alphanumeric Display Terminal Reference Manual

• VT50 Series: DECscope Users’ Manual, VT52 DECscope Maintenance Manual, VT50/VT52 Pocket Service Guide, VT50-Series Copier Users’ Manual, and VT55 DECgraphic Scope Users’ Manual.

• VT100 User Guide (EK-VT100-UG). This book is essential reading for anyone who wants to construct a VT100 emulator. If you use this as the specification and test your implementation with vttest, you won’t go far wrong.
  Other manuals: VT100 Series Technical Manual (EK-VT100-TM), serial printer interface VT1XX-AC User Guide (EK-VT1AC-UG)

• VT101 Video Terminal User Guide (EK-VT101-UG). VT101 Hot Line Troubleshooting Card (EK-101HL-RC). VT101 Series Pocket Service Guide (EK-VT101-PS).

• VT102 User Guide (EK-VT102-UG). Most terminal emulators that claim to emulate a VT100 actually emulate its slightly more capable brother, the VT102.

• LA100-Series Programmer Reference Manual (EK-LA100-RM). For the Letterprinter 100 hardcopy terminals.

• Digital Terminals and Printers Handbook 1983-84. Information about the VT100 and VT200 terminal families and old Digital printers, from the DECWriter to the LN01 laser printer, including programming summaries.

• VT220 Programmer Reference Manual (EK-VT220-RM). Describes VT220 character processing and provides the character codes, escape sequences, and control sequences needed to generate terminal control programs.
  Other manuals: VT220 Installation Guide (EK-VT220-IN) and VT220 Pocket Service Guide (EK-VT220-PS).

• VT240 Series Programmer Pocket Guide (EK-VT240-HR). VT240 Series Pocket Service Guide (EK-VT240-PS).

• Installing and Using the VT320 Video Terminal (EK-VT320-UU). Provides the information you need to install, operate and maintain a VT320 terminal. VT320 Pocket Service Guide (EK-VT320-PS).

• VT330/VT340 Programmer Reference Manual, Volume 2: Graphics Programming (EK-VT3XX-GP). A comprehensive guide to the ReGIS, Tektronix and sixel graphic modes of the VT330 and VT340.
  VT330 Pocket Service Guide (EK-VT330-PS).

• VT382 Kanji Display Terminal Programmer Reference Manual, VT382 Thai Display Terminal Installing and Using Manual.

• Installing and Using the VT420 Video Terminal (EK-VT420-UU)

• VT420 Service Guide (EK-VT420-PS)

• VT510 Programmer Information (EK-VT510-RM)

• VT520/VT525 Programmer Information (EK-VT520-RM)

VT220 Information

• Built-in glyphs and details of video circuitry

VT320 Information

• Component List and PCB Photograph.
• Glyph Tables for 80-column mode, from which all displayed characters are taken.
• Dynamically Redefinable Character Sets (DRCS).
• Some of the fonts I created.
• Serial Connections (DEC-423 and RS232-C).
• Contents of the Terminal State Report.

General Information

• 25 Years of DEC Video Terminals.
• VT animations.
• DEC Technical Character Set.
• Some details of the dialogue between terminal and LK201 keyboard.
• Errata and Oddities noted in the manuals.
• Sloppy’s VT100 Oddities.

Emulation

I’ve just started a new section on VT Emulation, containing all the materials about standards and escape sequences previously linked from this page.

Other Manufacturers’ Terminals

There are now so many manuals online from other terminal manufacturers that I’ll only be listing new ones here. For the full listings of manuals, please look at the page for that manufacturer. The following companies are currently covered: Alpha Microsystems, Ann Arbor, Beehive, C. Itoh, Data General, Hazeltine, Heath/Zenith, Kimtron, Lear Siegler (LSI), Lynwood, Qume, Research, Inc., Soroc Technology, Sycor, Tandy, Tektronix, TeleVideo, Terminal Technology Ltd., Visual Technology, Volker-Craig, Wyse

I have gradually been accumulating terminals by other manufacturers. The following manuals are online:

• Digital Engineering Inc. RG-512 Retro-Graphics Card for the ADM-3A
• Terminal Technology Limited’s MICROSCRIBE User Manual

New Manuals

• Hazeltine Esprit 6310 Reference Manual and Errata Sheet
• Qume QVT 109 Operator Manual
• Qume QVT 119 Setup Guide

Resources Elsewhere

The most comprehensive set of links I know of is maintained by Richard Shuford in his Terminal Information Archive. Richard has been scouring newsgroups for years, archiving the best postings on terminal-related topics. This is an essential bookmark.